Complete details of the working principle and analysis with the support of simulation and experimental results of the proposed PWM technique are presented in this paper. Also, the proposed PWM technique requires reduced number of carrier waves compared to the conventional sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique (SPWM) for the given CMLI. Using the given analysis the effect of PWM technique can be analyzed, as it directly links the switching function with the common mode voltage and leakage current. Further, this paper also presents the analysis for the terminal voltage across the PV array and common mode voltage of the inverter based on switching function. Thus, the proposed PWM technique minimizes the leakage current of the PV array and EMI filter requirement in the system without addition of any extra switches. Further, using the proposed PWM technique the high frequency voltage transitions in the terminal and common mode voltages are minimized. The proposed PWM technique is integrated with MPPT algorithm and is applied to the five-level CMLI. This paper presents a pulse width modulation (PWM) technique for the minimization of leakage current in the grid connected/ stand-alone transformer-less Photo-Voltaic (PV) Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter (CMLI).
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